Rheology

Definition and Fundamental concept; Properties contributing to Rheological behavior; Graphic presentation of Rheological data.

Physicochemical Processes

  1. Precipitation: Process of precipitation and its applications in Pharmacy.
  2. Crystallization: Types of crystals, Mechanism and methods of crystallization and its applications in Pharmacy.
  3. Distillation: Simple distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation, vacuum distillation, destructive distillation and their applications in Pharmacy.
  4. Miscellaneous Processes: Efflorescence, deliquescence, lyophillization, elutrition, exiccation, ignition, sublimation, fusion, calcination, adsorption, decantation, evaporation, vaporization, centrifugation, dessication, levigation and trituration.

Extraction Processes

  • Maceration: Purpose & process.
  • Percolation: Purpose and Process.
  • Liquid-Liquid extraction: Purpose and Process.
  • Large scale extraction: Purpose and Process

Rate And Order Of Reactions

Rate And Order Of Reactions

Kinetic Principles And Stability Testing: Theoretic Considerations: Degradation

  1. Physical Factors: Influence of pH, temperature, ionic strength, acid-base catalysis, U.V. light.
  2. Chemical Factors: Complex chemical reactions, Oxidation-reduction reactions, Hydrolysis.
Note:

Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities e.g.

  1. Partition-coefficient, surface tension, viscosity.
  2. Experiments to demonstrate some of physico-chemical processes like simple distillation, steam distillation, crystallization, dialysis.