Definitions And Terminology

Biopharmaceutics, Generic Equivalence, Therapeutic Equivalents, Bioavailability, Bioequiva­lence, Drug Disposition, Pharmacokinetics (LADMER; Liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and response).

Gastro-Intestinal Absorption

Forces which help in transmembrane movements, Anatomical and physiological factors influencing absorption of drugs. Physicochemical properties of drugs affecting absorption. Absorption of different oral dosage forms.

Biological Half Life And Volume Of Distribution

Introduction, types, methods of determination and application.

Drug Clearance

Introduction, Mechanism, Models, determination and relationship of clearance with half-life

Pharmacokinetics

Introduction, Linear and Non-linear Pharmacokinetics Application of pharmacokinetics in clinical situations

Multiple Dosage Regimen

  1. Introduction, principles of superposition
  2. Factors: persistent, accumulation and loss factors
  3. Repetitive Intravenous injections – One Compartment Open Model
  4. Repetitive Extravascular dosing – One Compartment Open model
  5. Multiple Dose Regimen – Two Compartment Open Model

Concept Of Compartment(S) Models

  • One compartment open model
    • Intravenous Injection (Bolus)
    • Intravenous infusion.
  • Multicompartment models
    • Two compartment open model
    • IV bolus, IV infusion and oral administration
  • Non-compartmental Model
    • Statistical Moment Theory
    • MRT for various compartment models
    • Physiological Pharmacokinetic model

Note

Practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities, e.g. Blood Sampling Techniques (In Laboratory Animals like dog, rabbits, mice etc. in human beings), In-vitro dissolution studies, Optional dose determination, Measurement of rate of Bioavailability, Determination of relative and absolute bioavailability. Plasma level-time curve (Determination of Pharmacokinetic parameters). Determination of plasma protein binding. Urinary sampling techniques in laboratory animals. Renal excretion of drugs or drug disposition in animals and humans.